Posts Tagged ‘security’

New Software Promises iPhone Passwords Without Jailbreak

Monday, August 16th, 2010

A new utility has been released by a Russian software developer who claims it can deliver the passwords stored on an iOS 4-based iPhone without any modification to the device itself. Based in Moscow, the company called “Elcomsoft Proactive Software” has previously specialized in password-cracking software that makes use of video graphics processors in consumer-level systems to conduct its high-volume number crunching and “password recovery.”

The iPhone Password Breaker is not the first attempt by developers to release software that compromises iPhone security; however it is the first that does so without any jailbreaking or other changes to the phone’s embedded OS or firmware.

According to The Register, Elcomsoft legitimately markets this tool as a utility for forensic investigators and positions itself as a partner to global law enforcement. There is likely some question as to whether Elcomsoft will sell its products exclusively to these parties, but a free trial version is currently available for public download at their web site.

Flaws Uncovered in Popular RTOS

Sunday, August 15th, 2010

Recently presented at the Security B-Sides and DEFCON conferences in Las Vegas, two critical vulnerabilities have been discovered in VxWorks, Wind River’s popular embedded OS that is used in tens of thousands of designs for “smart devices” from organizations including Cisco,  Apple and even NASA.

As reported in SC Magazine, one of the vulnerabilities allows hackers to leverage the RTOS’s embedded debugging services to take (unauthorized) control of the device.

VxWorks has a service enabled by default that provides read or write access to a device’s memory and allows functions to be called…. The vulnerable service, called WDB agent, is a “debugger” for the VxWorks operating system that is used to diagnose problems and ensure code is working properly when a product is being developed. [...]

These two bugs are “just the tip of the iceberg,” Moore wrote in a blog post on Monday, August 2nd.

The WDB debugger is enabled by default, and Wind River’s marketing team touted it as the feature that facilitated the remote debugging and patching that repeatedly saved NASA’s Mars Rovers. Industry watchers surmise that partly because of this, a lot of companies made the decision to keep the WDB agent enabled in shipped devices, order to allow for remote fixing devices in the field.  Unfortunately, the exposed WDB agent also makes it a lot easier for anyone with network access to hijack control of a device, remotely.

The Smart Meter “Off Switch”

Wednesday, August 11th, 2010

While the transition to Smart Grid technology brings with it the promises of energy conservation, and hopes to empower consumers with a higher awareness of their power consumption, many are concerned that with these benefits will also come key vulnerabilities to the electrical grid — and for that matter, the safety of entire nations. In Britain, for example, researchers at Cambridge University have brought to light a vulnerability associated with plans to introduce “pre-paid” energy consumption for consumers with a history of defaulting on payment. The practice would require a standard remote shut-off scheme which, depending on encryption methods, might make it relatively easy for a malicious third party to disable meters remotely.

Electricity and gas supplies might be disrupted on a massive scale by failures of smart meters, whether as a result of cyber-attack or simply from software errors. The introduction of hundreds of millions of these meters in North America and Europe over the next ten years, each containing a remotely commanded off switch, remote software upgrade and complex functionality, could create a critical vulnerability.

In their report (view PDF here), two Cambridge researchers delve deeply into issues of smart meter security in light of the remote “off switch.” A number of hypothetical possibilities are introduced as to what smart grid terrorism might look like, who might be responsible, and what measures might be taken now to prevent it.

ATMs Forced to Spit Out All Their Cash

Sunday, August 8th, 2010

As we previously reported, the Black Hat Conference in Las Vegas is a gathering of individuals from the security research and hacking communities, eager to flaunt their most recent discoveries and hacks. The purpose of these proceedings is purportedly to show the rest of the world what a determined hacker can do as well as raise awareness of security issues and what can be done about them.

Enter Barnaby Jack, Director of Research at IOActive labs who has in previous years been prevented from unveiling a custom-designed rootkit aimed at getting ATMs to release their cash payload due to complaints from ATM manufacturers. Finally at this year’s conference, Jack was able to execute this feat on not one but TWO ATMs installed especially for Jack’s demonstration, a first for the hacking community. Jack’s method takes cash from the machine without access to any customer’s account. These YouTube videos, taken from the audience perspective, show Jack’s handiwork in progress.

From The Internet of Computers to The Internet of Things

Thursday, August 5th, 2010

The “Internet of Things” is an evolving cross-industry collaboration, in which objects themselves become part of the internet–just as we interact with things, things will interact with us, and eventually each other as nodes of a growing network. As processing energy requirements decrease and processors themselves become smaller, it becomes possible for processing to take place in many places using items like sensors and RFID tags. This is the Internet of Things, and a new research report (PDF) traces its development from inception through its current incarnation, to its future possibilities.

The Internet of Things represents a vision in which the Internet extends into the real world embracing everyday objects. Physical items are no longer disconnected from the virtual world, but can be controlled remotely and can act as physical access points to Internet services. An Internet of Things makes computing truly ubiquitous.

The paper is a must-read for anyone who wants a comprehensive look at the history of the Internet of Things, as well as the technological hurdles it will face. Current examples of “smart object” technology are also cited as well as the many implications for the economy and individuals of this “immense technical and social challenge.”

BP Spill Related to Control System Cyber Incidents

Wednesday, August 4th, 2010

In the world of industrial control systems, safety and reliability are the prime concerns when malfunction could mean real-world disaster. A number of recent catastrophes have been linked to control system cyber incidents in the transit and utility industries, including the recent BP spill in the gulf.

Newly released testimony from Michael Williams, chief electronics technician aboard Deepwater Horizon, the rig whose explosion caused the BP spill, indicates that security systems aboard the rig had been routinely bypassed to avoid false-alarm warnings. Additionally, computer systems that monitored and controlled drilling had been locking up for months before the accident, in what the crew called “blue-screen of death” outages.

Security expert Joe Weiss has been monitoring the situation closely, and has pointed out that security outages such as these have played a large role in a number of recent industrial, transit and utility-related accidents. More details on his findings can be found at his blog.

Robbed At The Pump–Literally!

Tuesday, August 3rd, 2010

While many consumers complain about being “robbed at the pump” due to the rising cost of fuel, the phrase has a whole new meaning when thieves hijack debit and credit card information from gas pump POS terminals using electronic “skimmers.” A New York Times blog post comments that over recent months, bank account theft using these devices is dramatically on the rise, according to bank reports.

Usually designed to blend in with existing card readers, skimmers are installed by thieves at gas pumps and ATMs as a way to simultaneously steal and transmit card numbers as well as a video of customers’ PIN numbers being entered.

We previously posted about an identity theft ring busted in Los Angeles that used gas pump card skimmers to steal over 10,000 card numbers.

Apple Security Breach Allows for Total Unauthorized iPhone Access

Monday, August 2nd, 2010

As reported on Gizmodo, an easily exploited security vulnerability has been discovered that affects all iPhones, iPads, and iPod Touches running iOS 3.1.2 and later, including the most recent iOS 4. All that’s potentially necessary to render a device vulnerable to this breach is visiting an online PDF file–an extremely common occurrence. As reported on Gizmodo,

It just requires the user to visit a web address using Safari. The web site can automatically load a simple PDF document, which contains a font that hides a special program. When your iOS device tries to display the PDF file, that font causes something called stack overflow, a technical condition that allows the secret ninja code inside the font to gain complete control of your device.

The result is that, without any user intervention whatsoever, that program can do whatever it wants inside your iPhone, iPod touch or iPad. Anything you can imagine: Delete files, transmit files, install programs running on the background that can monitor your actions… anything can be done.

Until an official fix is issued, experts warn against directly visiting PDF links and opening PDF files from unknown sources.

Citi Group Finds Flaw in Mobile App

Thursday, July 29th, 2010

An announcement on Monday from Citigroup Financial disclosed that Citi Mobile, the group’s iPhone-based online banking app, contained flaws that could lead to customers’ accounts being compromised. According to the statement, the original app was accidentally designed to store account information in a hidden file within the iPhone’s file structure.

Although Citigroup was quick to recommend an update to their software that would fix the vulnerability, the episode underscores a growing concern over security in mobile devices, especially as more users continue to use smartphones for access to their bank accounts and other sensitive information. Although the iPhone has been considered a safe environment for user information due to its strict control of licensed applications, the vulnerability in Citigroup’s app is a reminder that security flaws will occur within any system over time.

Apple Leads the Pack in Security Bugs

Monday, July 26th, 2010

The number of software vulnerabilities found in the first half of 2010 has nearly eclipsed last year’s total figure, and topping the list are machines running Apple operating systems, according to a new report by security firm Secunia. Studies were conducted on PCs equipped with a standard set of third-party software applications and across multiple operating systems.

Apple ranks first, ahead of runner-up Oracle, and Microsoft in the number of security bugs found in all their products in 1H 2010. During the first six months of 2010, Secunia logged 380 vulnerabilities within the top-50 most prevalent packages on typical end-user PCs, or 89 per cent of the figure for the entire year of 2009.

This is the first time since 2005 that Apple has topped the list of vendors in Secunia’s yearly security vulnerability report. According to Secunia, the rising number of total vulnerabilities can be partially attributed to the wide variety of mechanisms required to keep software updates current. Additionally, more risks were found in systems with a higher number of third-party applications installed.